連廊支座
發(fa)布(bu)時間：2019-03-02
一、鋼結構連(lian)廊滑動支座設計
隨著(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)的(de)(de)蓬勃(bo)發展，我(wo)(wo)們注意(yi)到越來越多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)層及高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)被廣泛應用于(yu)各(ge)類(lei)商(shang)業(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)造型日新月異，雙塔(ta)(ta)(ta)甚至(zhi)多(duo)(duo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)形(xing)式(shi)越來越普遍，各(ge)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)之間為了(le)交通方便和立面造型的(de)(de)美觀(guan)，常常采(cai)用連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)將多(duo)(duo)座塔(ta)(ta)(ta)樓聯系(xi)在一(yi)起。 建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物之間通過(guo)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)多(duo)(duo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)體(ti)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)體(ti)系(xi)。由于(yu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)各(ge)部分的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)特性不同，剛度和質量(liang)也(ye)(ye)下(xia)(xia)(xia)樣，在地(di)震作用下(xia)(xia)(xia)，被連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接的(de)(de)兩棟主體(ti)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)會由于(yu)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)的(de)(de)存在而相互(hu)影響出現(xian)(xian)(xian)耦連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，使(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接部位的(de)(de)應力(li)變得非(fei)常復雜(za)。連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)也(ye)(ye)在地(di)震作用下(xia)(xia)(xia)易與(yu)主體(ti)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)脫離，產生整體(ti)倒塌(ta)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。圍內外的(de)(de)地(di)震災害現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)均(jun)證(zheng)實(shi)了(le)這一(yi)點。因(yin)此(ci)，連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計是(shi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)工程(cheng)師的(de)(de)一(yi)個難題，目前這種結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)研究還不夠成(cheng)熱，我(wo)(wo)國的(de)(de)抗震設(she)(she)計規范封設(she)(she)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)的(de)(de)復雜(za)體(ti)型建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計也(ye)(ye)還缺乏充分的(de)(de)技術指引。分析震害中(zhong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)整體(ti)倒塌(ta)的(de)(de)原因(yin)，大部分是(shi)由于(yu)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接節點破壞或連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)位移過(guo)大造成(cheng)的(de)(de)。因(yin)此(ci)，連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)與(yu)土(tu)體(ti)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接處的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計和處理，是(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。
二、連(lian)(lian)廊的幾種連(lian)(lian)接方式
1.剛性(xing)(xing)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)：剛性(xing)(xing)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)塔樓(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)式中連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)作用至(zhi)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種。它(ta)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)了(le)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)塔樓(lou)(lou)(lou)之間以及不同(tong)塔樓(lou)(lou)(lou)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系，增強(qiang)了(le)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)工作性(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)至(zhi)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點。采用剛性(xing)(xing)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)不僅要(yao)承受自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恒載、活載，更主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)協調不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塔樓(lou)(lou)(lou)在水平、豎向(xiang)荷載作用下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不均勻變形。這(zhe)時，連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)塔樓(lou)(lou)(lou)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)點受力復雜，會產生較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎矩、剪力和(he)軸力，并且(qie)上、下(xia)弦(xian)桿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸力和(he)彎矩還(huan)會構(gou)成很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)彎矩、剪力。這(zhe)就要(yao)求連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)本身具有較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度和(he)剛度，這(zhe)樣才更適合采用剛性(xing)(xing)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。 剛性(xing)(xing)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支座(zuo)處理一(yi)定要(yao)保證(zheng)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)能夠協調塔樓(lou)(lou)(lou)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變形，因(yin)此，要(yao)特別注意加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。必要(yao)時連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)可(ke)(ke)延伸至(zhi)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)內(nei)筒并與(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)筒可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)；如無法伸至(zhi)內(nei)筒，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)在主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)內(nei)沿連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)方(fang)向(xiang)設(she)置型鋼(gang)混凝土梁(liang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)錨固。連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)板(ban)應與(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)板(ban)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)并加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)配(pei)筋構(gou)造。當(dang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)相連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)為鋼(gang)筋混凝土結(jie)構(gou)時，豎向(xiang)構(gou)件內(nei)宜(yi)設(she)置型鋼(gang)，型鋼(gang)宜(yi)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)錨入下(xia)部主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)。
2.鉸接連(lian)接：鉸接連(lian)接放松了(le)端(duan)部上、下弦桿的(de)局部彎矩約束，減小了(le)端(duan)部桿件的(de)內力，使連(lian)接處的(de)構造(zao)設計變得方(fang)便。但是，由(you)于沒(mei)有(you)了(le)端(duan)部的(de)負(fu)彎矩，連(lian)廊(lang)跨(kua)中的(de)正彎矩會有(you)所增大，同時它也削弱(ruo)了(le)連(lian)廊(lang)對(dui)塔樓共同工作(zuo)的(de)協調(diao)作(zuo)用。
3.滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接：當連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)本身的(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)較(jiao)弱時，即使做(zuo)成剛性連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接，它也不(bu)能起(qi)到(dao)協調兩塔(ta)樓變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)作用，這(zhe)時應當考(kao)慮做(zuo)成滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式。滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接可以是連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)一端(duan)與(yu)塔(ta)樓接，一端(duan)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接，也可以兩端(duan)均(jun)做(zuo)成滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)支(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)。采(cai)用這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接方(fang)式，連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)的(de)(de)(de)受力將會(hui)比較(jiao)小，但是這(zhe)時連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)已經不(bu)能再協調塔(ta)樓間的(de)(de)(de)共同工作，塔(ta)樓和連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)均(jun)單獨受力，整個(ge)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)結(jie)構僅僅是形(xing)式上的(de)(de)(de)“連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)結(jie)構”。因(yin)為滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)端(duan)在荷(he)載作用下會(hui)有一定的(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)移量，所以滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)支(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)在設(she)計時有個(ge)重要(yao)問題就是要(yao)設(she)限復位裝置，并提供(gong)預計滑(hua)(hua)移量，防止連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)的(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)落或(huo)與(yu)塔(ta)樓發生碰撞(zhuang)而造(zao)成結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)破壞。因(yin)此這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接方(fang)式一般用于連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廊(lang)位置較(jiao)低、跨度(du)較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)情況。
三、概(gai)念設計要點
1.1連廊結構材料選用(yong)原則 應選用(yong)高強、輕質、方便安(an)裝的材料，一般考(kao)慮鋼結構。
1.2 連接方(fang)案連廊自身(shen)剛度較小(xiao)，不足(zu)以協調與其連接兩端的塔樓的變形，宜優先考慮滑動連接。
1.3滑(hua)動(dong)連接時(shi)節點設(she)(she)計(ji)原則(ze)自身足(zu)夠的強度保(bao)(bao)證強風、小震下正常使(shi)用；足(zu)夠的支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)滑(hua)移(yi)量，保(bao)(bao)證支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)能夠協調(diao)兩(liang)端主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)在大震時(shi)產(chan)生的位移(yi)；做好支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)的限位設(she)(she)計(ji)，保(bao)(bao)證支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)在協調(diao)主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)位移(yi)時(shi)，不會從任意(yi)一端的主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)上滑(hua)落，
四、結構分析要點：
不(bu)會與任意(yi)一(yi)端的主樓(lou)碰撞。
